The Study of Language (Etymology)

1. within the Name of Allah The Study Of Language Word Formation Saeed Jafari investigator on Linguistics B.A Teaching English as a far off Language

2. Etymology Etymology is that the history of words, their origins, and the way their type and that means have modified over time. By Associate in Nursing extension, the term "the etymology of [a word]" means that the origin of the actual word.

3. Greek andLatin have had the most important influenceonEnglish This influence startedthousands ofyearsago…

4. wherever do the words we tend to use come back from? • Englishis a mix of words from several different languages • These words created theirway into theEnglishlanguagein some ways o Occupation by different countries/cultures o Englishoccupation of different countries/cultures o Brought by immigrants o Culturaltrends and fashions a people language is usually changing!

5. countryname,late 14c., from Low Latin Turchia,from Turcus(see Turk)+ -ia guineafowl

6. Latin • The empire expanded into UK, delivery Latin Latin •Latin words found their method into the Anglo-Saxon language of the folks in Ancient {britain|United Kingdom|UK|Great UK|GB|Britain|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|kingdom} their method into the Anglo-Saxon language of the folks in folks in Ancient Britain Latin word “stratum” means that “layered road” “Stratum” became “straets” in Anglo-Saxon currently referred to as “streets” in Modern English Miles Miles of streets and roads were created Mile is from the Latin word mille, which suggests one,000 The linear unit was measured as one,000 paces

7. Coinage is that the word formation method within which a brand new word is formed either deliberately or accidentally while not victimisation the opposite word formation processes and sometimes from ostensibly nothing. Sources of coined words: one. Trade names of business product that become general terms. e.g. Google, ebay 2. New words supported the name of an individual or an area. e.g. Volt, Watt, jeans, sandwich, hoover etc. Coinage

8. Selfie a photograph that one has taken of oneself, generally one smitten a smartphone or digital camera and uploaded to a social media web site.

9. house commercial enterprise the observe of move into house for recreational functions

10. Hackerspace an area within which folks with Associate in Nursing interest in computing or technology will gather to figure on comes whereas sharing concepts, equipment, and data StreetFood ready or hard-baked food sold-out by vendors in an exceedingly street or different public location for immediate consumption in contrast to withdraw one’s feeling or approval of (a online page or posting on a social media web site that one has antecedently liked)

11. FOMO FIL LDR A / W Associate in Nursingxiety that an exciting or fascinating event might presently be happening elsewhere, usually aroused by posts seen on a social media web site a person’s in-law (see conjointly MIL, BIL, SIL). me time, n. (informal): time spent quiet on one’s own as against operating or doing things for others, seen as a chance to scale back stress or restore energy. (denoting or about fashion designed for the time of year and winter seasons of a selected year). (See conjointly S/S)

12. Borrowing Borrowing is that the method whereby new words square measure shaped by adopting words from different languages at the side of the ideas or concepts they represent (cf. Brun, 1983; I. M. Pei 1966). E.g., tango, mango, taco, dish from Spanish; groom-to-be, terribly (adapted from French verai), garage from French; dish, mafia from Italian therefore on. Usually, the pro-nunciation and morphology of the borrowings ( borrowed terms or loanwords ) square measure tailored to the synchronic linguistics and morphology of the host language (i.e., the language that adopts the terms); e.g., guerrilla g´"rIl´ (English), ge" r@ija (Spanish); banana b´"nœn´ (English), ba"nana (Spanish); mango (sing), mangoes (pl.) (English), mangos (Spanish).

13. Latin words borrowed before the settlement in European nation

14. Latin words adopted throughout the Anglo-Saxon amount

15. fourteenth and fifteenth century fourteenth and fifteenth century

16. ENGLISHWORDS BORROWEDFROMITALIAN

17. Examples by form class Modifier Head Compound noun noun soccer adjective noun sheet verb noun bulwark preposition noun underworld noun adjective snowwhite adjective adjective blue-green verb adjective tumbledown preposition adjective over-ripe noun verb browbeat adjective verb highlight verb verb keep preposition verb undercut noun preposition love-in adverb preposition in real time verb preposition takeout preposition preposition while not several of our words come back from our shut neighbours the French Cheque cook creator Bureau restaurant Gallop Nature building cupboard Justice so on

18. combination is that the word formation method within which 2 or a lot of lexemes mix into one new word. Compound words could also be written united word or as 2 words joined with a hyphen. For example: noun-noun compound: note + book → notebook adjective-noun compound: blue + berry → blueberry verb-noun compound: work + space → room noun-verb compound: breast + feed → suckle verb-verb compound: stir + fry → stir-fry adjective-verb compound: high + light-weight → highlight combination

19. Examples by form class Modifier Head Compound noun noun soccer adjective noun sheet verb noun bulwark preposition noun underworld noun adjective snowwhite adjective adjective blue-green verb adjective tumbledown preposition adjective over-ripe Examples by form class Modifier Head Compound noun noun soccer adjective noun sheet verb noun bulwark preposition noun underworld noun adjective snowwhite adjective adjective blue-green verb adjective tumbledown preposition adjective over-ripe noun verb browbeat adjective verb highlight verb verb keep preposition verb undercut noun preposition love-in adverb preposition in real time verb preposition takeout preposition preposition while not English compounds might beclassified in many ways that, like the word categories orthe linguistics relationship of their elements

20. the same as compounds, however components of the words square measure deleted. Blends square measure the compression of 2 words into one Examples: Motor + edifice  motor hotel Breakfast + lunch  Brunch Wireless + Fidelity  Wi-Fi * they're going to adapt the synchronic linguistics rules of the language smoke + fog ≠ sfog mixing

21. Some mixing patterns become therefore common that they appear to form new morphemes one. scandal a pair of. Nannygate three. Monicagate four. -gate appears like a suffix that means ‘scandal’ Blends

22. tv marathon telethon breakfast lunch brunch hotel motor hotel frozen cappacino frappacino state of affairs comedy program cranberry cocktail crantini Blends

23. Cliping Clipping means that isolating the start or the top of a word or each going a neighborhood to square for the total ;lab , Dorm , Prof , test The back-clipped words square measure those words that lose their front end , like plane and phone. *The converse of backformation *Clipping doesn't assume a rule however deletes material whereas obeying the 
synchronic linguistics rules of the language

24. Abbreviations (Clipping) • Definition: A word that is clipped • Examples: – Facsimile  fax – Hamburger  burger  gasolene   advertising   Omnibus  Gas Ad Bus

25. Clipping academic professor disrespect hurt gymnasiumnasium gym arithmetic science memo memoranda perspective tude

26. Backformation a brand new word is formed by removing what's erroneously thought of to be Associate in Nursing affix edit from editor; pitch from peddler; enthuse from enthusiasm orient from orientation

27. Backformation stealer heist beggar beg enthusiasm enthuse hamburger burger

28. Derivation is that the forming of recent words by combining derivational affixes or certain bases with existing Words , as in counsel Re-ask they're straight off comprehendible as a result of you recognize the that means of the components. Derivation stands in distinction to the method of inflection, which suggests the formation of grammatical variants of an equivalent word, like determine/determines/determining/determined. Derivation

29. samples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes: adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness) adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) in British English or - ize (archaic → archaicize) in English language and Oxford orthography adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish) adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally) noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational) noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify) verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → drinkable) verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → deliverance) verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → writer)

30. Definition: assignment Associate in Nursing already existing word to a brand new class. Examples: butter (N)  to butter the bread allow (V)  Associate in Nursing entry allow empty (A)  to empty the litter-bin Conversion

31. Acronomy is that the method whereby a word is made from the initials or be-ginning segments of a succession of words. Examples: severe acute metabolism syndrome  respiratory disorder Self-contained underwater breathing device  breathing apparatus Acronyms

32. Acronyms constable on patrol cop measuring device|radio detection and travel|radiolocation|measuring instrument|measuring system|measuring device} detection and ranging radar aquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Acronyms

33. Prefixes and suffixes square measure sets of letters that square measure supplementary to the start or finish of another word. they're not words in their title and can't stand on their own in an exceedingly sentence: if they're written on their own they need a hyphen before or once them. Prefixes and suffixes Word creation with prefixes and suffixes Some prefixes and suffixes square measure a part of our living language, in this folks often use them to form new words for contemporary product, concepts, or things. For example: word prefix or suffix new word security bio- biosecurity muddle de- declutter media multi- transmission email -er emailer

34. word prefix or suffix new word security bio- biosecurity muddle de- declutter media multi- transmission email -er emailer word suffix new word kid -ish infantile work -er employee style -less tasteless idol -ize/-ise idolize/idolise like -able likeable Suffixes Suffixes square measure supplementary to the top of Associate in Nursing existing word. For example: word prefix new word happy un- sad cultural multi- philosophical system work over- overwork house cyber- computer network market super- grocery store Prefixes Prefixes square measure supplementary to the start of Associate in Nursing existing word so as to form a brand new word with a distinct that means. For example:

35. Associate in Nursing infix is Associate in Nursing affix inserted within a word stem (an existing word). It contrasts with adfix, a rare term for Associate in Nursing affix connected to the top of a stem, like a prefix or suffix. Infix

36. Portuguese there's Associate in Nursing infix construction for the long run and conditional tenses: Eu fá-lo-ei amanhã. Literally: i'll ma-it-ke tomorrow. Meaning: i'll create it tomorrow. Eu fá-lo-ia ontem. Literally: i might ma-it-ke yesterday. Meaning: i might create it yesterday. Spanish In Central American nation and neighboring countries, the Spanish diminutive affix becomes Associate in Nursing infix ⟨it⟩ in names: honour [ˈoskar] → Osquítar [osˈkitar] (cf. normal Oscarito); King of England → Edguítar; Victor → Victítor. Arabic Arabic uses a typical infix, ⟨t⟩ تfor type VIII verbs, sometimes a reflexive of type I. it's placed once the primary consonant of the root; Associate in Nursing articulation i- prefix is additionally supplementary since words cannot begin with a consonant cluster. Associate in Nursing example is اجتهدijtahada "he worked hard", from جهدjahada "he strove". (The words "ijtihad" and "jihad" square measure nouns derived from these 2 verbs.)

37. Here you'll notice one or a lot of explanations in English for the word kamhmu. conjointly within the bottom left of the page many components of wikipedia pages associated with the word kamhmu and, of course, kamhmu synonyms and on the proper pictures associated with the word kamhmu. Khmu [kʰmuʔ] is that the language of the Khmu folks of the northern Laos region. it's conjointly spoken in adjacent areas of Vietnam, Asian nation and China. Khmu lends its name to the Khmuic branch of the Austroasiatic language family, the latter of that conjointly includes Khmer and Vietnamese. kamhmu